The History Of Animation

 Thaumatrope 

Its creator is unknown but is said to either come from John Ayrton Paris or Peter Mark Roget. Paris used one in 1824 at Royal College of Physicians to demonstrate persistence of vision. It is a toy that has a double sided disk attached through a piece of string that is wound up and released to spin the two sides of the disk creating the illusion of whatever has been drawn on it to look like one whole image.

Zoetrope

A Zoetrope was originally created around 100 BC by the Chinese inventor Ding Huan. The drum used in modern Zoetropes was created in 1833 by British mathematician William George Horner. A 19th century optical toy of a drum with a series of pictures inside that when viewed through slits on the drum give the impression of continuous movement.

Praxinoscope

Charles-Emile Reynaud invented the Praxinoscope in 1877. He got the idea in 1872 and turned it into theatrical entertainment. Reynaud showed his project by giving public performances using broad long strips of hand painted frames. A Praxinoscope is a combination of pictures in a metal drum design that revolves and the images are reflected in a prism of 12 mirrors. The mirrors flash a clear image of the picture as it flashes past it. This works by rotating the drum very quickly and watching the images reflected in the mirrors. 

Phenakistoscope 

It was a theory recognized by both Euclid of Alexandria and Isaac Newton. but it was not until 1829 that Joseph Plateau put the idea into practice and invented the Phenakistoscope in 1832. A Phenakistoscope is a disk with multiple images each a different stage of animation the disk is spun and is viewed in a mirror giving the illusion of animation.

Kinetiscope 

The Kinetiscope was designed by Thomas Edison and William Dickson in 1891. It was designed for an individual to view the film at one time, through a window or scopes in the top of the machine. The video inside the machine is made up of a series of images on a film reel flicking through, 46 frames per second with a single bulb to illuminate and to give the illusion that the images are moving 

Persistence Of Vision 

persistence of vision is a term to describe the visual illusion where multiple images go onto one image through the human mind. Some believe it is the explanation of how people interpret motion through cinematic and animated films. There is no exact inventor, however it can be traced back to 300 B.C. The creation of a mental bridge in the human mind which places together and fills the gaps between frames or pictures this creates an illusion that makes the pictures look like they are moving. 

Ray Harryhausen

he made most of his animations out of clay and then painted them or he used toys.

George Pal 

He always used puppets in his animated films and wooden models as structures and buildings.

  

Willis O'Brien

he did sculpting with marble and illustrating which lead to him being hired as a draftsman in an architects office 

Phil Tippett 

he used hand made models (AT-AT Walkers) and plastercine for the chess models in Star Wars.

Otmar Gutmann

Otmar Gutmann made his models out of clay and was the creator for the famous children animated show Pingu he did not write the episodes though

Tim Burton & Henry Selick 

used puppetry and models in films such as The Nightmare Before Christmas and The Corpse Bride.

Henry Selick

 Tim Burton

Adam Shaheen (Cuppa Coffee)

he used claymation in the TV show Celebrity Deathmatch and Starveillance

The Brothers Quay

they used dolls parts and other organic and inorganic materials often partly disassembled

Nick Park (Aardman) 

using stop motion animation mainly plastercine and clay animation techniques

TV Programme

this one is more targeted at children as it shows a plastercine model moving around and not speaking as to not scare children and is something I grew up watching when I was very young

this is for family as it makes people laugh at it and has talking in and is more well done and the figures are more defined and professional looking

Feature Film

this is more for children as I grew up watching this and Shaun the Sheep is a well known children TV show character 

This more for adults as the dog can scare young children and many adults remember this film being released.

Advertisement 

this is aimed at adults to buy from John Lewis as it is a shop and children are not likely to go in there

this is aimed at everyone to eat healthy as it is something that affects everyone

Music Video 

this is aimed at adults as the music is slower and that is what adults like

this is aimed at teens as the music is faster the video is faster and teenagers like to do things in a rush

Ident

this is at teenagers as it is a teenager TV channel

kids as it is a children's TV channel.


I see Stop Motion animation becoming very rare as computers can do things that humans can't and I don't want to say it by I see Stop Motion Animation die off in the next 25-50 years with technology improving as quick as it currently is it maybe even sooner.